In order to solve the problem of difficult control of surrounding rock in broken roadway of coal seam in short distance, the control effect of surrounding rock before and after grouting with hollow grouting cable was studied based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, that is to say, the mechanism of the surrounding shear stress between the hollow grouting anchor cable and the surrounding rock before and after grouting. The results show that the pre-grouting anchorage section conforms to the viscoelastic constitutive model, and the shear stress curve increases linearly to a nonlinear decrease and then to a stable single peak, after grouting, the pre-stress field around the roadway forms a gradual whole along the anchor cable, which redistributes the stress field around the roadway and reduces the shear stress strength, the stress curve changes from quadratic linear to nonlinear and then to stable double peak curve, which can effectively improve the shear strength of broken surrounding rock and soft rock roadway.